(Peer-Reviewed) Updates on CRISPR-based gene editing in HIV-1/AIDS therapy
Zhihao Zhang, Wei Hou 侯炜, Shuliang Chen 陈述亮
Institute of Medical Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
中国 武汉 武汉大学基础医学院 医学病毒学研究所
Abstract
Although tremendous efforts have been made to prevent and treat HIV-1 infection, HIV-1/AIDS remains a major threat to global human health. The combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), although able to suppress HIV-1 replication, cannot eliminate the proviral DNA integrated into the human genome and thus requires lifelong treatment that may lead to various side effects.
In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) related gene-editing systems have been developed and designed as effective ways to treat HIV-1 infection. However, new gene-targeting tools derived from or functioning like CRISPR/Cas9, including base editor, prime editing, SHERLOCK, DETECTR, PAC-MAN, ABACAS, pfAGO, have been developed and optimized for pathogens detection and diseases correction.
Here, we summarize recent studies on HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy and provide more gene-editing targets based on studies relating to the molecular mechanism of HIV-1 infection. We also identify the strategies and potential applications of these new gene-editing technologies for HIV-1/AIDS treatment in the future. Moreover, we discuss- the caveats and problems that should be addressed before the clinical use of these versatile CRISPR- based gene targeting tools. Finally, we offer alternative solutions to improve the practice of gene targeting in HIV-1/AIDS gene therapy.
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